orange seed

Firms use imported pulp as Indian oranges have lower juice content.

The Indian orange is yet to catch the fancy of beverage companies, foreign as well as Indian.

All the top players in orange-based beverage segment use only imported orange pulp in their products. These include Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and the homegrown Dabur India.

Dabur, the leader in orange-based packaged juices with a 54 per cent market share, sources orange concentrate from North and South America for its �eal?brand.

PepsiCo sources the concentrate from Brazil, the US and Israel for its 'Tropicana' brand. It is the second biggest player in the market with a share of 25 per cent.

Coca-Cola, for its latest offering in the juice drink category, Minute Maid, imports the orange pulp from Florida in the US and the orange juice concentrate from Brazil.

The companies were unwilling to share details on the quantity of orange pulp imported. But a casual look at the market will prove that the amount could be large and is growing.

The packaged juice market in India is about 50 million cases per annum, accounting for sales of Rs 350 crore.

Orange-based juices, nectars and drinks form a sizeable part of this market. According to industry sources, the market for packaged juices is growing at over 25 per cent per annum. While other fruit juices and nectars have about 85 per cent fruit pulp content, fruit-based orange drinks have a pulp content of less than 20 per cent.

Beverage companies attribute the aversion for Indian oranges to their low juice content in comparison to those grown abroad. Experts add that Indian oranges are suitable for fresh fruit consumption and not for mechanised processing.

Low pulp content, more seeds and difficulty in peeling are some problems that keep the beverage companies from sourcing the fruit from India.

The numbers speak for themselves. The annual citrus fruit production-orange is a citrus fruit-in India stands at 6 million tonnes out of which only one per cent is processed.

But with the Indian market growing in size, there are indications that some packaged juice companies will soon start sourcing oranges from Indian orchards.

According to a PepsiCo spokesperson, the company has already started a programme for orange cultivation from imported seed. This is expected to result in oranges tailored to its requirements. Coca-Cola and Dabur are also are exploring the option of sourcing orange pulp from the domestic market.

If past experience is anything to go by, the switch to local oranges could be tough but not impossible. Initially, McDonald's too faced similar sourcing woes - it had to import potatoes for its wedges since potatoes of the right quality potato were unavailable in India.

Nonetheless, in order to fulfil its initial commitment to local sourcing, McDonald's and its supplier partner, McCain Foods Pvt Ltd, began to work closely with farmers in Gujarat and Maharashtra to develop process-grade potato varieties. Now Gujarat potatoes are utilised to make McDonald's potato wedges in India.
Orange (fruit)
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SENIOR DAY: The 19th-ranked Syracuse Orange (12-5, 3-3 BIG EAST) hosts the Cornell Big Red (7-6, 4-2 Ivy League) in its only game this week on Thursday, October 25. Syracuse� regular-season finale begins at 7 p.m. at J.S. Coyne Stadium. The game can be seen live on suathletics.com via Orange All Access. Live stats are also available on suathletics.com. Seniors Brittany Angellella, Jessica Lerew and Gloria Nantulya and graduate student Leigh Fawcett will be honored in Senior Day ceremonies before the game.

BIG EAST CHAMPIONSHIP: The four teams that will participate in the 2007 BIG EAST Championship November 3-4 at J.S. Coyne Stadium in Syracuse will be Louisville, Connecticut, Providence and Syracuse. With a matchup between Connecticut and Providence still to be played, the only seed determined is that SU will be No. 4. If UConn defeats PC, the Huskies will earn the top seed by virtue of a win over Louisville (6-0, Sept. 28). Louisville would be the No. 2 seed and Providence No. 3. If the Friars defeat the Huskies, UofL would be the No. 1 seed (UofL defeated PC 2-1, Sept. 30). Providence would be the second seed and Connecticut No. 3. The No. 1 seed will face Syracuse with the two and three seeds facing off on November 3. The two winners will then square off in a noon game November 4. The champion will receive the leagues?automatic bid to the 16-team NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship.

NFHCA COACHES POLL: The Syracuse Orange is ranked No. 19 in this week� STX/NFHCA Division I National Coaches Poll. Syracuse� was No. 18 on October 16 and October 9, the highest ranking since October 12, 2004 when the Orange was 17th. Syracuse is ranked in three consecutive weeks for the first time this year.

HISTORY IN THE MAKING: The Ange Bradley era of Syracuse field hockey has already made history just 16 games into the first season.
?The Orange won its season opener for the first time since 2002.
?SU was 2-0 for the first time since 2001.
?Syracuse went 5-0 for the first time since 1997.
?The Orange� 7-1 mark was the best since 1990.
?SU� current record (12-5) is the best since 2001.
?Syracuse� 12 overall wins are the most since 2001.
?The Orange� three BIG EAST victories are the most since 2005.
?Syracuse� 52 goals are the most since the Orange scored a school record 58 in 1990.
?SU� No. 18 ranking on October 9 and 16 was its highest since October 12, 2004.
?The Orange are in the BIG EAST Championship for the first time since 2005.

BEST FRESHMAN EVER: Freshman midfielder Maggie Befort is having an unbelievable season for the Orange. The freshman dished out three assists in SU� last contest.
?34 points - sixth on SU� single-season chart.
?Most points scored by a player since 2001.
?Most points ever by a freshman - Shelley Magee registered 25 points in 1990.
?Most goals (12) ever by a freshman - Erica Weinberg scored nine times in 1982.
?Became 12th player ever to record three assists in a game - at Yale.

HELPING HAND: Back Leigh Fawcett is also setting records for the Orange. Her 14 assists are tied for second all-time on SU� single-season chart.

SENIOR SENSATION: Senior forward Gloria Nantulya� move to the offensive end of the field has been a successful one. She recorded three points off one goal and one point against No. 6 Connecticut on October 21. The senior knocked in a rebound for her 11th goal of the season. Nantulya� eighth assist came on a ball she tipped to a teammate for a goal. She now has 30 points on 11 goals and eight assists. The 30 points rank eighth all-time in SU� single-season points list. Prior to this season Nantulya only had one point to her credit.

FRESHMAN CONTRIBUTOR: Freshman forward Shelby Schraden has been a very nice addition to the Syracuse roster this season. Schraden registered her fourth goal of the season versus No. 6 Connecticut on October 21. The freshman has nine points on four goals and one assist.

MUCH IMPROVED: The Syracuse offense, which produced only 37 goals and 97 points in 19 games last season, is vastly improved. The Orange offense has already produced 52 goals and 149 points this year. SU is scoring one more goal per game this season (2.98 to 1.70). Syracuse� 52 goals are the most since 2001.

ONE TOUGH SCHEDULE: The Orange has a very tough remaining schedule. Syracuse has already played at No. 16 Louisville, at No. 12 American, at No. 9 Penn State and against No. 6 Connecticut.

VERY CLOSE TO PERFECTION: Four of the five Syracuse� losses have been by just one goal. SU lost to Temple 1-0 on September 9, No. 16 Louisville 2-1 on September 21 and at Providence 3-2 on October 12. Syracuse� other two losses were to No. 9 Penn State (3-1) and to No. 6 Connecticut (5-2).

OFFENSIVE EXPLOSION: The Orange has outscored its opponents by 19 goals (52-33) so far this season. Syracuse has done this by taking 41 more shots (264-223) and 30 more penalty corners (150-90). SU has put 19 more shots on goal (156-137) and has 0.49 percent better shooting percentage (.197-.148).

GAME-WINNING GOALS: Seven different Orange players have registered game-winning goals this season. Senior forward Gloria Nantulya leads the way with four while freshman forward Kristin Girouard and senior back Brittany Angellella each have two. Freshman midfielder Maggie Befort, back Leigh Fawcett, freshman forward Shelby Schraden and freshman midfielder Lelia Sacr?/B> each have one.

UNDEFEATED: Freshman goalkeeper Christina Puggi has played more than 251 minutes in goal, including three starts. She has been the goalkeeper of record five times and has been victorious on each of those five occasions. Puggi has recorded a 1.39 goals-against average and a .722 saves percentage.

CONNECTICUT WRAP UP: Senior forward Gloria Nantulya recorded a goal and an assist and freshman forward Shelby Schraden contributed a goal but it was not enough to combat the high powered Connecticut offense, which out shot the Orange 14-6. The Huskies came out firing in the first half, Lauren Aird scored two goals within the first 25 minutes giving Connecticut and early 2-0 advantage. Nantulya put the Orange on the board, tipping in a rebound to cut the Connecticut lead to one, 2-1. With less than five minutes to play in the first half Robin Kleine tipped in a shot from teammate Lizzy Peijs giving the Huskies a 3-1 lead at the break. Syracuse came on strong out of the locker room, closing the gap two minutes into the second half. Schraden tipped in a shot off the stick of Nantulya pulling the Orange back within one, 3-2. The game remained deadlocked until the 49:08 minute mark when Kleine extended the Connecticut lead, putting the ball past junior goalkeeper Heather Hess from a scramble in front of the cage. Kristin Galuski insured a Connecticut victory scoring off the rebound to make it 5-2 Huskies. Hess made seven saves in the cage for the Orange and moves to 7-5 on the season. Andrea Mainiero made two saves in the cage for Connecticut.

STAT NUGGETS: The Orange only made one substitution during the contest. Freshman forward Kristin Girouard was the lone Syracuse player to come off the bench.

STAT TRACKER: Freshman midfielder Maggie Befort leads Syracuse with 12 goals and 34 points. Leigh Fawcett has a team-high 14 assists. Junior goalkeeper Heather Hess has seen the majority of action in the cage and has registered seven victories while recording a 2.03 goals-against-average and a .759 saves percentage.

WOMENSFIELDHOCKEY.COM: Syracuse, which is ranked No. 19 in this week� STX/NFHCA Division I Coaches Poll, is No. 20 in this week� womensfieldhockey.com poll.

BIG EAST OFFENSIVE PLAYERS OF THE WEEK: Freshman midfielder Maggie Befort earned BIG EAST Offensive Player of the Week honors on September 30 after pacing the SU offense in its victories against Georgetown and at No. 12 American. Befort scored two goals in SU� 8-1 victory versus Georgetown, and contributed another two goals in the 3-1 Orange win at No. 12 American. Her four goals over the weekend improved her season total to 10 and broke a 25-year old school record for goals scored by a freshman. Befort also tied the SU freshman record for points in a season with 25. Befort currently leads the Orange in goals (10) and points. She ranks second in the BIG EAST conference in points per game (2.08) and fourth in goals per game (0.83). Senior forward Gloria Nantulya was named the BIG EAST Offensive Player of the Week on September 17 after leading the Orange to a 2-0 week with the game-winning goal in both games. The senior tallied both of SU� goals in the Orange� 2-1 triumph of Rutgers in the BIG EAST opener for both schools. She followed up that performance by scoring the game-winning goal two days later in the 2-1 victory against Hofstra.

BIG EAST HONOR ROLL: Senior forward Gloria Nantulya became the fourth member of the Orange to earn BIG EAST Weekly Honor Roll accolades twice this season. Nantulya recorded three points off one goal and one point against UConn. The senior knocked in a rebound for her 11th goal of the season. Nantulya� eighth assist came on a ball she tipped to a teammate for a goal. Nantulya also earned BIG EAST Honor Roll honors on September 3 and was named the BIG EAST Offensive Player of the Week on September 17. Freshman midfielder Lelia Sacr?/B> (Oct.15 & Sept. 24), freshman midfielder Maggie Befort (Sept. 3 & Sept. 10) and back Leigh Fawcett (Aug. 26 & Sept. 3) have also earned BIG EAST honors twice.

FRESH FACES: The Orange has had seven players score their first career goal this season. Gloria Nantulya, Maggie Befort, Leigh Fawcett, Shelby Schraden, Kristin Girouard, Lelia Sacr?and Tracy Deitrick have all found the back of the cage for the first time in their respective careers. Seniors Jessica Lerew and Brittany Angellella are the only two players who have scored in previous seasons.

DEFENSIVE STOPPER: Junior back Heather Doran has been Syracuse� on-the-field general this season. The junior has recorded all three of SU� defensive saves as well as one assist.

ORANGE SLICES: Six Orange players have started all 17 contests. Maggie Befort, Gloria Nantulya, Leigh Fawcett, Brittany Angellella, Jessica Lerew and Heather Doran have been mainstays in SU� starting lineup. Kim Coyle has started 16 of SU� 17 contests. Freshman forward Shelby Schraden is the only other player to have seen action in every game.

SCOTLAND SENIOR WOMEN� SQUAD: Syracuse field hockey standout Leigh Fawcett is one of 21 individuals selected to the Scotland Senior Women� Squad that will represent Scotland in international competition.

MULTI-GOAL SCORERS: Six different Syracuse players have recorded multi-goal games this season. Freshman midfielder Maggie Befort has accomplished the feat four times and freshman midfielder Lelia Sacr?has done it three times. Back Leigh Fawcett and seniors Brittany Angellella, Gloria Nantulya and Jessica Lerew all have one multi-goal game.

MULTI-ASSISTS: Four different Syracuse players have registered multi-assist games. Back Leigh Fawcett has accomplished the feat on five occasions. Freshman midfielder Maggie Befort has accomplished the feat once and senior forward Gloria Nantulya, senior back Brittany Angellella and freshman midfielder Lelia Sacr?have all done it once.

SCOUTING CORNELL : The Cornell Big Red (7-6, 4-2 Ivy League) is coming off a 2-1 against Brown on October 21. Abbi Horn scored the game-winning goal with 46 seconds remaining in regulation. Alyssa DePaola leads Cornell with nine points and four goals. Belen Martinez, Horn and Natalie Appleton each have a team-best three assists. Shannon Prescott has seen the majority action in the cage and has registered a 1.77 goals-agaisnt-average and a .727 saves percentage.

SYRACUSE VS. CORNELL ALL-TIME: The Orange has won the last four games against Cornell and leads the series 23-1-1. Last year Syracuse traveled to Cornell and won the 4-3 overtime contest.

LAST SEASON: Meg Ryan scored twice as Syracuse defeated Cornell, 4-3, in overtime on October 24, 2006 at Schoellkopf Field. Cornell� Katlyn Donoghue scored a goal with 20 seconds remaining in the contest to force an extra period, but Alison Babbitt scored the game winner at 74:24 when Michelle Sola stole the ball deep in the Cornell defensive end and streaked up field on a breakaway. Big Red goalie Shannon Prescott charged off her line, forcing Sola to center the ball back to the middle of the field where Babbitt one-touched it into the back of the net. Just moments earlier, Cornell had forced overtime when the Big Red was awarded a penalty corner with less than a minute to play. Lindsay Moyer ripped a shot towards the center of the net, where Donoghue was set up in front of Heather Hess. Donoghue managed to get a stick on the shot and popped it up, and over the stick of Hess to knot the game at 3-3 at 69:40. Syracuse got on the board first, scoring at 29:17 when Ryan stole the ball from a Big Red defender and sent a perfectly placed shot into the far, left hand corner of the goal. Cornell responded just over three minutes later when Sarah Miller carried the ball down the right sideline, turned her defender along the endline and then centered a pass back to the middle of the crease. Lizzie Auer had her initial shot saved by Hess, but Mandy Malzberg collected the rebound and sneaked the ball past Hess to even the score at 1-1. The Big Red would break the stalemate at 46:23 when Moyer and Donoghue would score on a penalty corner in the same exact manner as the tally that sent the game into overtime. Cornell carried the 2-1 lead late into the second period before back-to-back goals by Syracuse in the final six minutes of regulation gave the Orange the 3-2 advantage. The first goal came on a penalty corner attempt for Syracuse. The ball was pushed in to Sola, who sent a long pass across the mouth of the goal to Brittany Shannon, who played it into the far post to tie the game at 2-2 at 64:28. Less than three minutes later, the Orange would go up, 3-2 when a shot by Brittany Angellella was saved by Prescott, and Ryan made a lunging dive at the rebound, pushing it over the goal line. Syracuse outshot the Big Red, 16-11, including a 4-0 margin in the second half, but Cornell held a slim 7-5 advantage in penalty corners. Hess stopped three shots in the victory, while Prescott made seven, including on in the overtime period.


Binomial name
Citrus sinensis
(L.) Osbeck
The orange―specifically, the sweet orange―is the citrus tree Citrus sinensis (syn. Citrus aurantium L. var. dulcis L., or Citrus aurantium Risso) and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata). It is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulate margins and 4�10 cm long. The orange fruit is a hesperidium, a type of berry.

Oranges originated in southeast Asia, in either India[1], Vietnam[citation needed] or southern China[citation needed]. The fruit of Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. The English name derives from the Sanskrit naranga-s ("orange tree"). In a number of languages, it is known as a "Chinese apple" (e.g. Dutch Sinaasappel, "China's apple").

Contents
1 Fruit
2 Varieties
2.1 Persian orange
2.2 Navel orange
2.3 Valencia orange
2.4 Blood orange
3 Production
4 Juice and other products
5 Etymology
6 Storage
7 Gallery
8 Oranges in popular culture
9 References
10 Footnotes



Fruit
All citrus trees are of the single genus Citrus, and remain largely interbreedable; that is, there is only one "superspecies" which includes lemons, limes and oranges. Nevertheless, names have been given to the various members of the citrus family, oranges often being referred to as Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium. Fruits of all members of the genus Citrus are considered berries because they have many seeds, are fleshy and soft, and derive from a single ovary. An orange seed is called a pip.


Varieties

Persian orange
The Persian orange, grown widely in southern Europe after its introduction to Italy in the 11th century, was bitter. Sweet oranges brought to Europe in the 15th century from India by Portuguese traders, quickly displaced the bitter, and are now the most common variety of orange cultivated. The sweet orange will grow to different sizes and colours according to local conditions, most commonly with ten carpels, or segments, inside.

Portuguese, Spanish, Arab, and Dutch sailors planted citrus trees along trade routes to prevent scurvy. On his second voyage in 1493, Christopher Columbus brought the seeds of oranges, lemons and citrons to Haiti and the Caribbean. They were introduced in Florida (along with lemons) in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon, and were introduced to Hawaii in 1792.


Navel orange

A peeled sectioned navel orange. The underdeveloped twin is located on the bottom right.A single mutation in 1820 in an orchard of sweet oranges planted at a monastery in Brazil yielded the navel orange, also known as the Washington, Riverside or Bahie navel. The mutation causes navel oranges to develop a second orange at the base of the original fruit, opposite the stem. The second orange develops as a conjoined twin in a set of smaller segments embedded within the peel of the larger orange. From the outside, the smaller, undeveloped twin left a formation at the bottom of the fruit, looking similar to the human navel.

Because the mutation left the fruit seedless and therefore sterile, the only means available to cultivate more of this new variety is to graft cuttings onto other varieties of citrus tree. Two such cuttings of the original tree were transplanted[2] to Riverside, California in 1870, which eventually led to worldwide popularity.

Today, navel oranges continue to be produced via cutting and grafting. This does not allow for the usual selective breeding methodologies, and so not only do the navel oranges of today have exactly the same genetic makeup as the original tree, but also, they all can even be considered to be the fruit of that single, now centuries-old tree.

On rare occasions, however, further mutations can lead to new varieties.[3]


Valencia orange
The Valencia or Murcia orange is one of the sweet oranges used for juice extraction. It is a late-season fruit, and therefore a popular variety when the navel oranges are out of season. For this reason, the orange was chosen to be the official mascot of the 1982 FIFA World Cup, which was held in Spain. The mascot was called "Naranjito" ("little orange"), and wore the colours of the Spanish soccer team uniform.


Blood orange

Orange output in 2005The blood orange has streaks of red in the fruit, and the juice is often a dark burgundy colour. The fruit has found a niche as an interesting ingredient variation on traditional Seville marmalade, with its striking red streaks and distinct flavour. The scarlet navel is a variety with the same diploid mutation as the navel orange.





Production
Orange, raw, Florida
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 50 kcal 190 kJ
Carbohydrates 11.54 g
- Sugars 9.14 g
- Dietary fiber 2.4 g
Fat 0.21 g
Protein 0.70 g
Thiamin (Vit. B1) 0.100 mg 8%
Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.040 mg 3%
Niacin (Vit. B3) 0.400 mg 3%
Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.250 mg 5%
Vitamin B6 0.051 mg 4%
Folate (Vit. B9) 17 μg 4%
Vitamin C 45 mg 75%
Calcium 43 mg 4%
Iron 0.09 mg 1%
Magnesium 10 mg 3%
Phosphorus 12 mg 2%
Potassium 169 mg 4%
Zinc 0.08 mg 1%

Percentages are relative to US
recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient database
According to FAOSTAT, the top producers of oranges (in tonnes) in 2005 were:

Top Orange Producers ― 2005
(million tonnes)
Brazil 17.8
United States 8.4
Mexico 4.1
India 3.1
China 2.4
Spain 2.3
Italy 2.2
Iran 1.9
Egypt 1.8
Pakistan 1.6
World Total 61.7
Source:
UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[4]

Juice and other products

Oranges and orange juice.Oranges are widely grown in warm climates worldwide, and the flavours of oranges vary from sweet to sour. The fruit is commonly peeled and eaten fresh, or squeezed for its juice. It has a thick bitter rind that is usually discarded, but can be processed into animal feed by removing water, using pressure and heat. It is also used in certain recipes as flavouring or a garnish. The outer-most layer of the rind is grated or thinly veneered with a tool called a zester, to produce orange zest, popular in cooking because it has a flavour similar to the fleshy inner part of the orange. The white part of the rind, called the pericarp or albedo and including the pith, is a source of pectin and has nearly the same amount of vitamin C as the flesh.

Products made from oranges include:

Orange juice, one of the commodities traded on the New York Board of Trade. Brazil is the largest producer of orange juice in the world, followed by the USA. It is made by squeezing the fruit on a special instrument called a "juicer" or a "squeezer". The juice is collected in a small tray underneath. This is mainly done in the home, and in industry will be done on a much larger scale
Sweet orange oil, a by-product of the juice industry produced by pressing the peel. It is used as a flavouring of food and drink and for its fragrance in perfume and aromatherapy. Sweet orange oil consists of about 90% d-Limonene, a solvent used in various household chemicals, such as to condition wooden furniture, and along with other citrus oils in grease removal and as a hand-cleansing agent. It is an efficient cleaning agent which is promoted as being environmentally friendly and preferable to petroleum distillates. However, d-Limonene causes cancer in rats and is classified as toxic or very toxic in several countries. Its smell is considered more pleasant by some than those of other cleaning agents.
The orange blossom, which is the state flower of Florida, is traditionally associated with good fortune, and was popular in bridal bouquets and head wreaths for weddings for some time. The petals of orange blossom can also be made into a delicately citrus-scented version of rosewater. Orange blossom water is a common part of Middle Eastern cuisine. The orange blossom gives its touristic nickname to the Costa del Azahar ("Orange-blossom coast"), the Valencia seaboard.
In Spain, fallen blossoms are dried and then used to make tea.
Orange blossom honey, or actually citrus honey, is produced by putting beehives in the citrus groves during bloom, which also pollinates seeded citrus varieties. Orange blossom honey is highly prized, and tastes much like orange.
Marmalade, a conserve usually made with Seville oranges. All parts of the orange are used to make marmalade: the pith and pips are separated, and typically placed in a muslin bag where they are boiled in the juice (and sliced peel) to extract their pectin, aiding the setting process.
Orange peel is used by gardeners as a slug repellent.
Since oranges are susceptible to frost damage, growers commonly use sprinklers to coat them with ice when temperatures go below freezing. This practice protects the crops by regulating temperature.


Etymology
Main article: Orange (word)
Orange derives from Sanskrit nāra?ga? "orange tree".[citation needed] The Sanskrit word was borrowed into European languages through Persian nārang, Armenian nārinj, Arabic nāranj, (Spanish naranja and Portuguese laranja), Late Latin arangia, Italian arancia or arancio, and Old French orenge, in chronological order. The first appearance in English dates from the 14th century. The forms starting with n- are older; this initial n- may have been mistaken as part of the indefinite article, in languages with articles ending with an -n sound (e.g., in French une norenge may have been taken as une orenge). The name of the colour is derived from the fruit, first appearing in this sense in 1542.

Some languages have different words for the bitter and the sweet orange, such as Modern Greek nerantzi and portokali, respectively. Or in Persian, the words are narang and porteghal (Portugal), in the same order. The reason is that the sweet orange was brought from China or India to Europe during the 15th century by the Portuguese. For the same reason, some languages refer to it as Applesin (or variants), which means "Apple from China", while the bitter orange was introduced through Persia.


Storage
Oranges should be stored in the warmest part of the refrigerator. They can normally be stored for about 2 weeks. [5]


Gallery

Picture of a Cara Cara orange (left) with a pink grapefruit for comparison of size and colour.




While still maintaining an orange peel, the blood orange has streaks of red in the fruit and a dark burgundy pulp.




'Ambersweet' oranges




An orange grove.





Orange seeds






Oranges in popular culture

Outspan′s motorized orange.Outspan, a branch of Fyffes, had three "motorized oranges" built in 1972, with bits from a mini, in order to promote their fruit.
In The Godfather and its sequels the presence of oranges on screen indicates an imminent death or injury.
The Orange Archipielago is a region from the pokémon world and is called from the orange colour, however, the islands from this archipielago are based on different kinds of oranges.

References
McPhee, John. Oranges (1966) - focuses on Florida groves.
Sackman, Douglas Cazaux. Orange Empire: California and the Fruits of Eden (2005) comprehensive, multidimensional history of citrus industry in California
Train, John. Oranges (2006)